What does the term “terroir” refer to in the context of cheese?

The term "terroir" refers to the environmental conditions that influence the characteristics of cheese. This concept is rooted in the idea that the physical environment—such as climate, soil type, and vegetation—where the milk-producing animals are grazed significantly affects the flavor and quality of the cheese made from that milk.

For example, different grasses and plants available to grazing animals impart unique flavors to the milk, which in turn can define the flavor profile of the cheese produced. Additionally, factors such as altitude, humidity, and local microbial populations also contribute to the distinctiveness of the cheese, making terroir a fundamental aspect of cheese production, similar to how it is considered in wine.

This understanding helps cheese professionals appreciate and communicate the complexity and authenticity of various cheeses, especially in regions known for their unique local characteristics.